Coenzyme Q10
Coenzyme Q10 is soluble in lipids and is found in virtually all cell membranes, as well as lipoproteins.[1]
The conversion of energy from carbohydrates and fats to adenosine triposphate (ATP), the form of energy used by cells, requires the presence of Coenzyme Q10 in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
It is a component of the electron transport chain and participates in aerobic cellular respiration, helping to generate 95% of the human body’s energy in the form of ATP.[2],[3] Therefore, organs with high energy requirements –such as the heart and liver – have the highest Coenzyme Q10 concentrations.[4]
In isolated mitochondria, Coenzyme Q10 can protect membrane proteins and DNA from the oxidative damage that accompanies lipid peroxidation.[2]
One of the hallmarks of aging is a decline in energy metabolism in many tissues, especially heart and liver. It has been proposed that age-associated declines in tissue Coenzyme Q10 levels may play a role in this decline.[5]
Though studies showed lifelong dietary supplementation with Coenzyme Q10 did not increase the life spans of rats or mice,[6],[7] one study showed Coenzyme Q10 supplementation reduces age-related increases in DNA damage.[8]
In The Antioxidant Miracle, Coenzyme Q10 is not only described as “the heart-healthy antioxidant”, but is also noted for its ability to rejuvenate brain cells.[9]
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References
1. Crane FL. Biochemical functions of coenzyme Q10. J Am Coll Nutr. 2001;20(6):591-598.
2. Ernster L, Dallner G. Biochemical, physiological and medical aspects of ubiquinone function. Biochim Biophys
Acta. 1995;1271(1):195-204.
3. Dutton, PL; Ohnishi, T; Darrouzet, E; Leonard, MA; Sharp, RE; Cibney, BR; Daldal, F; Moser, CC (2000). "4
Coenzyme Q oxidation reduction reactions in mitochondrial electron transport". In Kagan, VE; Quinn, PJ.
Coenzyme Q: Molecular mechanisms in health and disease. Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. 65–82.
4. Okamoto, T; Matsuya, T; Fukunaga, Y; Kishi, T; Yamagami, T (1989). "Human serum ubiquinol-10 levels and
relationship to serum lipids". International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur
Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition 59 (3): 288–92. PMID
2599795
5. Nohl H, Gille L. The role of coenzyme Q in lysosomes. In: Kagan VEQ, P. J. (ed). Coenzyme Q: Molecular
Mechanisms in Health and Disease. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2001:99-106.
6. Singh RB, Niaz MA, Kumar A, Sindberg CD, Moesgaard S, Littarru GP. Effect on absorption and oxidative
stress of different oral Coenzyme Q10 dosages and intake strategy in healthy men. Biofactors.
2005;25(1-4):219-224.
7. Sohal RS, Kamzalov S, Sumien N, et al. Effect of coenzyme Q10 intake on endogenous coenzyme Q content,
mitochondrial electron transport chain, antioxidative defenses, and life span of mice. Free Radic Biol Med.
2006;40(3):480-487.
8. Quiles JL, Ochoa JJ, Battino M, et al. Life-long supplementation with a low dosage of coenzyme Q10 in the rat:
effects on antioxidant status and DNA damage. Biofactors. 2005;25(1-4):73-86.
9. Packer, Lester and Carol Colman. The Antioxidant Miracle. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1999. Page 92. - See more at: http://www.myelebra.com/Coenzyme-Q10.html#sthash.NlKnVdWG.dpuf